HPV and Cervical Cancer: Prevention Through Regular Screening
HPV and Cervical Cancer: Prevention Through Regular Screening
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally—and a leading cause of cervical cancer. Fortunately, regular cervical screening can significantly reduce your risk. In this article, we explain how HPV leads to cervical cancer, why screening is crucial, and what steps you can take to stay protected.
What Is HPV and How Does It Cause Cervical Cancer?
HPV is a group of more than 100 related viruses. While most HPV infections clear on their own, persistent infection with high-risk types—especially HPV 16 and 18—can cause abnormal changes in cervical cells, eventually leading to cervical cancer.
HPV is extremely common; nearly 80% of sexually active people will be infected at some point. However, only a small percentage develop cancer, and screening helps catch changes early before they become dangerous.
What Is Cervical Screening?
Cervical screening (smear test) is a preventive test that checks the cervix for abnormal cell changes and the presence of high-risk HPV strains. It’s not a test for cancer, but it helps prevent cancer by detecting and treating early signs before they progress.
In the UK:
Women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64 are invited for screening.
The test is usually done every 3 to 5 years, depending on age and results.
Why Is Regular Screening So Important?
Early Detection Saves Lives:
Cervical screening detects pre-cancerous changes years before symptoms appear. Treatment at this stage is nearly always effective.Most Cervical Cancers Are Preventable
Nearly all cervical cancers are linked to persistent HPV infection. Regular testing identifies those at risk early.It's Quick, Simple, and Free
In many countries, including the UK, cervical screening is offered free on the NHS.
Other Prevention Strategies
HPV Vaccination: The HPV vaccine (e.g. Gardasil 9) protects against the most dangerous strains. It’s most effective when given before exposure, usually in adolescence.
Practice Safe Sex: Condoms reduce, though don’t completely eliminate, HPV transmission.
Avoid Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system and makes it harder to clear HPV infections.
Common Myths About HPV and Screening
❌ “Only promiscuous people get HPV”
✅ HPV is so common that anyone who has ever had sex is at risk.
❌ “I don’t need screening if I’ve had the vaccine”
✅ The vaccine doesn’t protect against all types — screening is still essential.
When to See a Doctor
Contact your GP if you notice:
Unusual bleeding between periods or after sex
Persistent pelvic pain
Vaginal discharge with a foul odour
These can be early signs of cervical abnormalities or other conditions that need investigation.
Takeaway: Prevention Is Powerful
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. By staying up to date with your cervical screening, getting the HPV vaccine, and adopting healthy habits, you can take control of your cervical health.
Quick Recap
HPV is the primary cause of cervical cancer.
Screening detects early changes before cancer develops.
The HPV vaccine is safe and effective.
Screening is still essential — even if you’ve been vaccinated.
If you're due for a cervical screening, don't delay — book your appointment today. Prevention is the best protection.
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